Dr Amit Chakraborty, 1 April 2025
What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in the deep veins of the body, most commonly in the legs. This condition can lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated promptly, such as pulmonary embolism (PE), where a clot travels to the lungs, potentially causing life-threatening consequences. Early detection is vital, and ultrasound imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of DVT.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms and Risk Factors
Symptoms of DVT
DVT often presents with non-specific symptoms, which can make early diagnosis challenging. Common symptoms include:
- Swelling in one leg (or sometimes both legs).
- Pain or tenderness in the calf or thigh, often described as cramping.
- Redness or discolouration of the skin over the affected area.
- Warmth in the affected leg (Beckman et al., 2010).
In some cases, DVT can be asymptomatic, underscoring the importance of vigilance, especially in high-risk individuals.
Risk Factors for DVT
Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing DVT, including:
- Prolonged immobility, such as during long flights or hospital stays.
- Recent surgery, particularly orthopaedic procedures.
- Pregnancy and the postpartum period.
- Use of hormonal therapy or contraceptives.
- Cancer and its treatments.
- Obesity or a sedentary lifestyle.
- Genetic predispositions, such as Factor V Leiden mutation (Goldhaber & Bounameaux, 2012).
Why is DVT a Medical Emergency?
If left untreated, DVT can result in life-threatening complications, particularly pulmonary embolism (PE). When part of a blood clot breaks loose, it can travel to the lungs, causing:
- Shortness of breath.
- Chest pain, often worsening with breathing or coughing.
- Rapid heart rate.
- Coughing up blood (Kearon et al., 2016).
PE is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention. Additionally, untreated DVT can lead to post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a chronic condition characterised by pain, swelling, and skin changes in the affected limb (Kahn et al., 2014).
How is DVT diagnosed?
Ultrasound is the gold standard for diagnosing DVT because it is non-invasive, safe, and highly effective. The technique commonly used is compression ultrasonography, often combined with Doppler imaging.
How Ultrasound Detects DVT
- Compression Test: During the scan, a probe is applied to the vein. If the vein does not collapse under gentle pressure, it may indicate the presence of a clot.
- Doppler Ultrasound: This assesses blood flow within the veins. Reduced or absent flow can signal a blockage caused by a clot (Cohen et al., 2014).
Advantages of Ultrasound for DVT Diagnosis
- Accuracy: Ultrasound has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting DVT in the femoral and popliteal veins.
- Non-Invasive: There is no need for needles, incisions, or exposure to radiation.
- Immediate Results: Ultrasound can be performed quickly, providing same-day results.
Ultrasound is particularly crucial in high-risk patients or those presenting with symptoms suggestive of PE, as it allows for rapid diagnosis and immediate initiation of treatment (Kearon et al., 2016).
How can DVT be Prevented?
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of DVT are essential to prevent complications. The goals of treatment are to:
- Stop the clot from growing.
- Prevent the clot from breaking loose and causing a pulmonary embolism.
- Reduce the risk of long-term complications, such as post-thrombotic syndrome.
Prevention of DVT
To reduce the risk of developing DVT:
- Stay active and avoid prolonged immobility.
- Stay hydrated and move around during long flights or car journeys.
- Follow your doctor’s advice if you are on hormone therapy or recovering from surgery.
- Wear compression stockings if recommended by your healthcare provider.
Don’t Ignore These DVT Symptoms – When to See a Doctor
If you experience symptoms of DVT or signs of a pulmonary embolism (shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heart rate), seek immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can be life-saving.
Expert DVT Diagnosis and Support at CareScan Edmondson Park
DVT is a potentially serious condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Ultrasound imaging is a critical tool for accurate and timely diagnosis, enabling healthcare providers to manage the condition effectively. At CareScan Edmondson Park, we use advanced ultrasound technology to ensure patients receive the highest standard of care.
If you have concerns about DVT or wish to learn more about our diagnostic services, contact our team today. We are here to support your health and safety.
Disclaimer
This blog post is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalised guidance and treatment.